春小麦调亏灌溉对土壤氮磷钾的影响

对河西绿洲灌区春小麦调亏灌溉2年后的土壤碱解氮和全氮、速效磷和全磷、速效钾和全钾进行了研究,并对土壤养分年际间的差异进行了分析,旨在为该区春小麦调亏灌溉对土壤氮磷钾养分的影响研究提供一些可靠的信息。     

三角阀片式可调油气弹簧旁通阀流量及阻力特性试验

给出了油气弹簧结构原理图，通过油气弹簧活塞与活塞杆的受力分析，对三角形节流阀片建立了力学模型，对三角形节流阀片的弯曲变形进行了分析，根据旁通阎打开时对油气弹簧所要求的阻尼比，对可调油气弹簧的最大开阀速度和开阀压力进行了分析，对旁通阀的流量进行了设计研究，最后，对油气弹簧阻力特性进行了数字仿真分析和台架试验。由仿真和试验结果可知，旁通阀的流量设计是正确的，旁通闽流量影响可调油气弹簧的阻尼特性。     

水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育及产量的影响

通过系统的覆膜玉米亏水灌溉试验 ,研究了不同生育期内不同程度的水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育、光合作用、产量及水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明 ,拔节期受旱对玉米株高及叶面积指数影响最大 ,抽雄后的水分亏缺对玉米生长发育影响不明显。各处理产量资料表明 ,覆膜春玉米的需水临界期为抽雄开花期 ,此期轻度的水分亏缺可造成产量大幅度下降 :灌浆期较抽雄开花期玉米产量对水分亏缺敏感程度低 ,但在这个阶段的水分亏缺也可使玉米减产 ;拔节期玉米产量对水分胁迫敏感程度较差 ,该阶段为对玉米进行水分亏缺处理的适宜时期     

梯形节流阀片油气弹簧阀系参数与特性试验

通过油气弹簧梯形节流阀片力学模型,建立阀片变形曲面方程,得到了阀片最大变形解析计算式.利用车辆参数和开阀速度,建立了油气弹簧开阀压力的解析计算式.在此基础上,利用开阀压力、阀片变形以及流量之间的关系,建立阀片厚度和常通节流孔面积设计计算公式,并对阀片厚度以及节流孔面积的设计影响因素进行了分析.在此基础上,通过实例对油气弹簧的阀片厚度和常通节流孔面积进行设计,并对设计油气弹簧进行了特性试验和验证.分析和试验结果表明:阀片厚度和常通节流孔面积的设计方法是正确的,对油气弹簧设计和开发具有参考价值.     

微型摆式内燃发电机频率的计算与分析

针对所研制的微型摆式内燃发电机(MICSPG),阐述了各组成部分的工作过程及工作特点,建立了微型内燃发电系统的数学模型。在引入平均指示压力和线性气体弹簧分别对内燃机动力腔中由燃烧和最大预压缩压力而引起的气体压力进行线性化分析的基础上,得到了系统的传递函数,并据此研究和分析了微型摆式内燃机发电系统的稳定性和运动频率。研究结果为微型摆式内燃发电系统结构参数的确定和控制系统设计提供了有益的参考。     

钢板弹簧疲劳分析

传统的钢板弹簧强度分析中,多是借助简化的力学模型,基于材料力学的小挠度梁的线弹性理论进行计算,计算中的假设条件和计算方法与钢板弹簧实际情况不尽相符,计算结果存在误差。在钢板弹簧的结构应力计算基础上,通过建立钢板弹簧装配及加载状态的精确有限元模型,并考虑片间的非线性接触,在交变载荷作用下,计算得到钢板弹簧接近实际工况的应力循环,然后利用其S N曲线,基于Miner线性累计损伤准则计算其疲劳寿命。通过钢板弹簧的实际疲劳试验,验证了模型计算结果的正确性。     

碟形弹簧计算机辅助设计

采用内点惩罚函数法寻求最优值，以离合器摩擦片磨损后碟形弹簧工作压力变化最小为目标函数对其进行优化设计。     

Androgenic capability among genotypes of winter and spring barley

Variable efficiency of androgenesis remains a serious problem in many species of cereals. It is still unclear what makes certain genotypes more amenable to androgenesis than others. This study was undertaken to quantify the previously suspected advantage of winter barley genotypes over spring ones with regard to regeneration efficiency in anther culture. The material consisted of 40 barley hybrids originating from Polish breeding companies. The number of androgenic structures per 100 anthers did not differ significantly between analysed groups (119 vs. 152 non‐significant), but the average regeneration of green plants per 100 anthers was five times higher in winter genotypes (6.4 vs. 1.3). The incidence of albinism was lower for the winter than for the spring materials (70% vs. 90%), while the rate of spontaneous chromosome doubling was similar in both groups (58% vs. 56%). The results strongly support the notion that winter genotypes are more amenable to androgenesis and this may be a consequence of their better adaptation to stress conditions.     

Relationship between vernalization requirement and winter hardiness in doubled haploids of barley

Summary Progeny lines of chromosome-doubled haploids from crosses between one winter and four spring barley varieties were analysed for winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in the field. About one quarter or less of the offspring lines required vernalization under field conditions showing that winter versus spring habit of growth is controlled by at least two pairs of genes. The vernalization requirement could be measured quantitatively by testing a few plants in a greenhouse after artificial cold treatment during germination. The individual winter lines tested required from two to seven weeks of vernalization in order to flower as early as possible. The cold treatment had no effect on the time of flowering in the spring lines.Winter hardiness varied from zero to 100% plant survival in the field. The majority of the lines requiring vernalization survived better than 90% and the survival of the rest was at least 60%. The winter survival of the spring lines varied from zero per cent (about one third of the lines) to 100%. Hence, it is possible to obtain lines of good winter hardiness without requirements for cold treatment. Conversely, a selection for vernalization requirement has a positive effect on winter hardiness.     

倒春寒危害软籽石榴树的温度及受害情况研究

以突尼斯软籽石榴为试材,在倒春寒发生前2 d开始持续监测石榴树冠层温度,倒春寒结束后调查石榴树受倒春寒危害的临界低温及寒害症状。结果表明,软籽石榴树春季生长期间,岭地、沟地和台地石榴树冠层温度降至1.4℃、-0.1℃、2.3℃,气象预报低温低于6.4℃时,石榴树芽和新梢发生低温寒害,芽尖焦枯发黑,芽体展叶受阻;新梢幼叶扭曲畸形,叶缘焦枯。